Photovoltaic (PV) cells have been designed and fine tuned by scientists and engineers for decades.  Their purpose is to absorb sun energy and convert it into electrical energy to use.  PV solar panels are large arrays of PV cells, they are traditionally in 3'x5' panels, though other sizes and methods exist and are being developed.

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Solar is important to install to convert "red space" into "green space".  As the earth continues to warm, we have to minimize the negative impacts of the sun, while thriving on its benefits.  Red space is space that absorbs and radiates the sun's energy, ie a paved highway or a desert.  Green space is space that converts the suns energy into something useful.

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Green space is either provided by nature, think trees and sea foliage.  Or green space is made by humans, so far solar is the only technology.  Not only does solar provide the earth with more green space, it also makes electricity without heat as a byproduct.  All the non-renewable energy sources we use are exothermic reactions, they release heat.  When coal or gas is burned, heat is released.  Solar, takes energy that would otherwise turn into heat, and makes it electricity for us to use.  The technology even has room to improve.